God's Jury - The Inquisition And The Making Of The Modern World Order Printed Copy
- Author: Cullen Murphy
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About the Book
"God's Jury" by Cullen Murphy explores the history of the Inquisition, tracing its origins and impact on the development of religious and political institutions in the modern world. The book examines the methods, motivations, and consequences of this controversial religious tribunal, shedding light on its role in shaping Western society and challenging traditional beliefs about power and authority.
Robert Murray McCheyne
Robert Murray MâCheyne (1813-43) was widely regarded as one of the most saintly and able young ministers of his day. Entering Edinburgh University in 1827, he gained prizes in all the classes he attended. In 1831 he commenced his divinity studies under Thomas Chalmers at the Edinburgh Divinity Hall. MâCheyneâs early interests were modern languages, poetry, and gymnastics. The death of his older brother David in July 1831 made a deep impression on him spiritually. His reading soon after of Dicksonâs Sum of Saving Knowledge brought him into a new relationship of peace and acceptance with God.
In July 1835 MâCheyne was licensed by the Presbytery of Annan, and in November became assistant to John Bonar at Larbert and Dunipace. In November 1836 he was ordained to the new charge of St Peterâs, Dundee, a largely industrial parish which did not help his delicate health.
MâCheyneâs gifts as a preacher and as a godly man brought him increasing popularity. The Communion seasons at St Peterâs were especially noted for the sense of Godâs presence and power.
MâCheyne took an active interest in the wider concerns of the Church. In 1837 he became Secretary to the Association for Church Extension in the county of Forfar. This work was dear to MâCheyneâs heart. First and foremost he saw himself as an evangelist. He was grieved by the spiritual deadness in many of the parishes in Scotland and considered giving up his charge if the Church would set him apart as an evangelist. Writing to a friend in Ireland he revealed where his loyalties lay in the controversy that was then overtaking the Church: âYou donât know what Moderatism is. It is a plant that our Heavenly Father never planted, and I trust it is now to be rooted out.â
Towards the close of 1838 MâCheyne was advised to take a lengthy break from his parish work in Dundee because of ill-health. During this time it was suggested to him by Robert S. Candlish that he consider going to Israel to make a personal enquiry on behalf of the Churchâs Mission to Israel. Along with Alexander Keith and Andrew Bonar, MâCheyne set out for Israel (Palestine). The details of their visit were recorded and subsequently published in the Narrative of a Mission of Enquiry to the Jews from the Church of Scotland, in 1819. This did much to stimulate interest in Jewish Mission, and led to pioneer work among Jews in parts of Europe, most notably Hungary.
MâCheyne returned to St Peterâs to find that the work had flourished in his absence under the ministry of William Chalmers Burns. MâCheyne exercised a remarkably fruitful ministry in Dundee while in constant demand to minister in other places. Just prior to his death (in a typhus epidemic) he had been preparing his congregation for the coming disruption in the Church of Scotland, which he thought inevitable after the Claim of Right had been refused.
[Ian Hamilton in Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology. See also Andrew Bonarâs Robert Murray MâCheyne, and the same authorâs influential Memoir and Remains of Robert Murray MâCheyne, both published by the Trust. There is a short biography of MâCheyne in Marcus L. Loaneâs They Were Pilgrims (Banner of Truth, 2006).]
God Answers Better Than We Ask
A godly king, backed into a deadly corner, teaches us a liberating truth about prayer. In one of the great tragedies in all of Scripture, Davidâs son Absalom has exploited his fatherâs love and conspired against him. Now the rebellion has grown strong, and David is left with no option but to flee Jerusalem in hopes of living to fight another day (2 Samuel 15:14). âPrayer is for turning the tide, for changing the seeming course of history.â As he retreats, weeping as he goes, barefoot, with his head covered in shame, it gets worse. He learns that his most prized advisor, Ahithophel â whose counsel âwas as if one consulted the word of Godâ (2 Samuel 16:23) â has joined Absalom (2 Samuel 15:12). Yet in this most desperate of moments, when David could have crumbled, or wallowed in self-pity, his reflex is Godward. He breathes up a prayer: O Lord, please turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness. (2 Samuel 15:31) Unlikely Plea Admittedly, the prayer seems utterly unlikely, if not impossible, humanly speaking. None was wiser than Ahithophel. One might as well ask for the sun to stand still as to pray for Ahithophelâs wise counsel to turn into folly. Yet these are the very moments for which God has given us prayer. He opens his ear to his people. Not for calling down more comforts for an already cushy existence, but precisely for the times when life and death are at stake. Prayer is not an exercise in naming ahead of time what already seems to be the natural course of action. Prayer is not for making an educated guess out loud to God about what seems to be unfolding already. And itâs certainly not for advising God as to how things should go, as if he needed a counselor (Romans 11:33â34). Rather, prayer is for turning the tide, for changing the seeming course of history. Prayer is for desperate times and dire moments, when weâre backed in a corner â when humanly speaking, the desired outcome, and what seems to be our last chance, is painfully unlikely to unfold, and we need God. We need him to intervene. Without the interruptive fingers of Providence reaching down into the details to disturb what seems to be, from our vantage, the natural course of action, we are doomed. But if he is God, and if he is listening, and if he acts, then we have a fighting chance. Cause and effect do not carry the day. God does. So, David prays. God Does the Unthinkable No sooner has David prayed than Hushai the Archite, who is loyal to David, meets him with torn coat and dirt on his head in mourning (2 Samuel 15:32). David has prayed for Ahithophelâs counsel to turn sour, but now David also acts in faith. He sends Hushai to feign fealty to Absalom, serve as a spy, and perhaps even âdefeat for me the counsel of Ahithophelâ (2 Samuel 15:34). âPrayer is for desperate times and dire moments, when weâre backed in a corner.â Hushai goes, and like Ahithophel, is received into Absalomâs conspiracy. One of the first orders of business is whether to chase David down and overtake him as he retreats. Ahithophel speaks first: âPursue David tonight . . . while he is weary and discouragedâ (2 Samuel 17:1â2). Per normal, this is wise counsel. âAnd the advice seemed right in the eyes of Absalom and all the elders of Israelâ (2 Samuel 17:4). The great sage has spoken, and this looks like a done deal. And such will spell the end of David â were it not for Hushai, who then speaks. âThis time the counsel that Ahithophel has given is not good,â says the mole (2 Samuel 17:7). He then paints David not as the weak and discouraged man that he is, but as mighty, enraged, and expert in war. And God does the unthinkable: he turns the hearts of Absalom and all the men of Israel to say, âThe counsel of Hushai the Archite is better than the counsel of Ahithophel.â What? This is a stunning turn of events. An impossibility, apart from God. Only God himself can turn the hearts like this. And so, 2 Samuel 17:14 adds the explanation, âFor the Lord had ordained to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, so that the Lord might bring harm upon Absalom.â No one could have seen this coming. Even David did not at the time of his prayer. Hushaiâs deceptive word carries the day, the dominoes begin to fall, and it soon means the end of Absalom, and salvation for David. He Answers Better Than We Ask So, God answered Davidâs prayer. Or did he? Remember how the king had prayed: âO Lord, please turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishnessâ (2 Samuel 15:31). God had not answered that prayer. In fact, 2 Samuel 17:14 confirms that Ahithophel had given âgood counsel.â Yet we find no lament from David that God didnât answer his prayer. No complaints that the Lord hid his face, or that his ears were stopped, or that he could not see. No mourning. No frustration. No wallowing. David prayed one seemingly impossible prayer, took a modest step in faith, and trusted God to work salvation for him. And David had no sour grapes that God didnât answer his prayer precisely as he asked. In fact, David delighted to pray to, and to praise, a God who makes a habit of answering better than we ask. No Scriptwriter Could Guess In his commentary on 2 Samuel, Dale Ralph Davis observes, No sooner does [David] pray than Yahweh begins to answer his prayer â and that in a way no scriptwriter could have guessed. Our prayers deal with the what; Godâs answers deal with the what and the how and the when. And how the how can surprise us! (160) Our God delights to free us from being the author of our own stories of salvation. When we pray, it is not our job to foresee how God might bring out the rescue and lay out the details for him, even as often as it is our instinct to do precisely this. Most of us fathers would be a little annoyed, if not greatly, if our children not only asked for things but also insisted on laying out exactly how we should go about fulfilling their request. It is a fatherâs joy to surprise his children with the means, if not with the end. âOur God delights to free us from being the author of our own stories of salvation.â Fortunately, even as we try to counsel him, our Father in heaven is patient. He endures our folly. And he also wants to free us from feeling we need to give him directions. Not only can we not give him directions, but we can trust that his heart is far greater for the holy outcomes we want than our hearts are. And his ways of answering our prayers, according to his good pleasure, are more stunning than we can dream. He loves to answer better than we ask. Not Precisely but Substantially For those who have walked with this God for even a modest measure of time, we have seen him answer far better than weâve asked. Which, alongside his Fatherâs heart (Luke 11:11â12) and the gift of his Spirit (Romans 8:26â27), gives us great incentive to pray, and keep praying. In other words, our human instincts, our ignorance, and our inability to counsel him are no disincentives to pray, but rather good reason to keep asking of him who knows how to give better than we know to ask. He knows. âYour Father knowsâ (Luke 12:30). We do not. âWe do not know what to pray for as we oughtâ (Romans 8:26). His judgments are unsearchable; his ways, inscrutable (Romans 11:33) â which is all the more reason to ask him. Already Answered When Paul celebrates âhim who is able to do far more abundantly than all that we ask or thinkâ (Ephesians 3:20), he is no mindless optimist. Heâs not asking us to groundlessly expect âthe best is yet to comeâ without solid proof in the past and present. And Paul has provided it, rooting his doxology in the gospel he just rehearsed. We were dead in sins, and God made us alive together with Christ. We were separated and alienated, without hope, and God brought us near by the blood of Christ. In the gospel, our God has already answered better than we could have asked. Christ came, he died, he rose â and though we often donât know precisely how to pray, we do know that our Father loves to hear our requests, and outdo them. Article by David Mathis