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About the Book
"A Moment of Weakness" follows two couples, Jade and Tanner, and Bryce and Ashley, as they navigate betrayal, forgiveness, and redemption in their relationships. As secrets are revealed and hearts are broken, the characters must find the strength to confront their pasts and move towards a more hopeful future. The novel explores themes of love, faith, and the power of second chances.
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a German monk who forever changed Christianity when he nailed his '95 Theses' to a church door in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation.
Who Was Martin Luther?
Martin Luther was a German monk who began the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, becoming one of the most influential and controversial figures in the history of Christianity.
Luther called into question some of the basic tenets of Roman Catholicism, and his followers soon split from the Roman Catholic Church to begin the Protestant tradition. His actions set in motion tremendous reform within the Church.
A prominent theologian, Lutherâs desire for people to feel closer to God led him to translate the Bible into the language of the people, radically changing the relationship between church leaders and their followers.
Early Life
Luther was born on November 10, 1483, in Eisleben, Saxony, located in modern-day Germany.
His parents, Hans and Margarette Luther, were of peasant lineage. However, Hans had some success as a miner and ore smelter, and in 1484 the family moved from Eisleben to nearby Mansfeld, where Hans held ore deposits.
Hans Luther knew that mining was a tough business and wanted his promising son to have a better career as a lawyer. At age seven, Luther entered school in Mansfeld.
Education
At 14, Luther went north to Magdeburg, where he continued his studies. In 1498, he returned to Eisleben and enrolled in a school, studying grammar, rhetoric and logic. He later compared this experience to purgatory and hell.
In 1501, Luther entered the University of Erfurt, where he received a degree in grammar, logic, rhetoric and metaphysics. At this time, it seemed he was on his way to becoming a lawyer.
Becoming a Monk
In July 1505, Luther had a life-changing experience that set him on a new course to becoming a monk.
Caught in a horrific thunderstorm where he feared for his life, Luther cried out to St. Anne, the patron saint of miners, âSave me, St. Anne, and Iâll become a monk!â The storm subsided and he was saved.
Most historians believe this was not a spontaneous act, but an idea already formulated in Lutherâs mind. The decision to become a monk was difficult and greatly disappointed his father, but he felt he must keep a promise.
Luther was also driven by fears of hell and Godâs wrath, and felt that life in a monastery would help him find salvation.
The first few years of monastic life were difficult for Luther, as he did not find the religious enlightenment he was seeking. A mentor told him to focus his life exclusively on Jesus Christ and this would later provide him with the guidance he sought.
Disillusionment with Rome
At age 27, Luther was given the opportunity to be a delegate to a Catholic church conference in Rome. He came away more disillusioned, and very discouraged by the immorality and corruption he witnessed there among the Catholic priests.
Upon his return to Germany, he enrolled in the University of Wittenberg in an attempt to suppress his spiritual turmoil. He excelled in his studies and received a doctorate, becoming a professor of theology at the university (known today as Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg).
Through his studies of scripture, Luther finally gained religious enlightenment. Beginning in 1513, while preparing lectures, Luther read the first line of Psalm 22, which Christ wailed in his cry for mercy on the cross, a cry similar to Lutherâs own disillusionment with God and religion.
Two years later, while preparing a lecture on Paulâs Epistle to the Romans, he read, âThe just will live by faith.â He dwelled on this statement for some time.
Finally, he realized the key to spiritual salvation was not to fear God or be enslaved by religious dogma but to believe that faith alone would bring salvation. This period marked a major change in his life and set in motion the Reformation.
Though Luther intended these to be discussion points, the 95 Theses laid out a devastating critique of the indulgences - good works, which often involved monetary donations, that popes could grant to the people to cancel out penance for sins - as corrupting peopleâs faith.
Luther also sent a copy to Archbishop Albert Albrecht of Mainz, calling on him to end the sale of indulgences. Aided by the printing press, copies of the 95 Theses spread throughout Germany within two weeks and throughout Europe within two months.
The Church eventually moved to stop the act of defiance. In October 1518, at a meeting with Cardinal Thomas Cajetan in Augsburg, Luther was ordered to recant his 95 Theses by the authority of the pope.
Luther said he would not recant unless scripture proved him wrong. He went further, stating he didnât consider that the papacy had the authority to interpret scripture. The meeting ended in a shouting match and initiated his ultimate excommunication from the Church.
Excommunication
Following the publication of his 95 Theses, Luther continued to lecture and write in Wittenberg. In June and July of 1519 Luther publicly declared that the Bible did not give the pope the exclusive right to interpret scripture, which was a direct attack on the authority of the papacy.
Finally, in 1520, the pope had had enough and on June 15 issued an ultimatum threatening Luther with excommunication.
On December 10, 1520, Luther publicly burned the letter. In January 1521, Luther was officially excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church.
Diet of Worms
In March 1521, Luther was summoned before the Diet of Worms, a general assembly of secular authorities. Again, Luther refused to recant his statements, demanding he be shown any scripture that would refute his position. There was none.
On May 8, 1521, the council released the Edict of Worms, banning Lutherâs writings and declaring him a âconvicted heretic.â This made him a condemned and wanted man. Friends helped him hide out at the Wartburg Castle.
While in seclusion, he translated the New Testament into the German language, to give ordinary people the opportunity to read Godâs word.
Lutheran Church
Though still under threat of arrest, Luther returned to Wittenberg Castle Church, in Eisenach, in May 1522 to organize a new church, Lutheranism.
He gained many followers, and the Lutheran Church also received considerable support from German princes.
When a peasant revolt began in 1524, Luther denounced the peasants and sided with the rulers, whom he depended on to keep his church growing. Thousands of peasants were killed, but the Lutheran Church grew over the years.
Katharina von Bora
In 1525, Luther married Katharina von Bora, a former nun who had abandoned the convent and taken refuge in Wittenberg.
Born into a noble family that had fallen on hard times, at the age of five Katharina was sent to a convent. She and several other reform-minded nuns decided to escape the rigors of the cloistered life, and after smuggling out a letter pleading for help from the Lutherans, Luther organized a daring plot.
With the help of a fishmonger, Luther had the rebellious nuns hide in herring barrels that were secreted out of the convent after dark - an offense punishable by death. Luther ensured that all the women found employment or marriage prospects, except for the strong-willed Katharina, who refused all suitors except Luther himself.
The scandalous marriage of a disgraced monk to a disgraced nun may have somewhat tarnished the reform movement, but over the next several years, the couple prospered and had six children.
Katharina proved herself a more than a capable wife and ally, as she greatly increased their family's wealth by shrewdly investing in farms, orchards and a brewery. She also converted a former monastery into a dormitory and meeting center for Reformation activists.
Luther later said of his marriage, "I have made the angels laugh and the devils weep." Unusual for its time, Luther in his will entrusted Katharina as his sole inheritor and guardian of their children.
Anti-Semitism
From 1533 to his death in 1546, Luther served as the dean of theology at University of Wittenberg. During this time he suffered from many illnesses, including arthritis, heart problems and digestive disorders.
The physical pain and emotional strain of being a fugitive might have been reflected in his writings.
Some works contained strident and offensive language against several segments of society, particularly Jews and, to a lesser degree, Muslims. Luther's anti-Semitism is on full display in his treatise, The Jews and Their Lies.
Death
Luther died following a stroke on February 18, 1546, at the age of 62 during a trip to his hometown of Eisleben. He was buried in All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, the city he had helped turn into an intellectual center.
Luther's teachings and translations radically changed Christian theology. Thanks in large part to the Gutenberg press, his influence continued to grow after his death, as his message spread across Europe and around the world.
Food Rules
A graduate student sits at a booth with friends, his second drink near empty. âCan I refill you?â the waiter asks. A mother sees the chocolate as she reaches for her youngestâs sippy cup. She tries not to eat sugar in the afternoons, but sheâs tired and stressed, and the children arenât looking. A father comes back to the kitchen after putting the kids down. Dinner is done, but the leftover pizza is still sitting out. The day has drained him, and another few pieces seem harmless. Compared to the battles many fight â against addiction, against pornography, against anger, against pride â scenarios such as these may seem too trivial for discussion. Donât we have bigger sins to worry about than the gluttony of secret snacks and third helpings? And yet, food is a bigger battleground than many recognize. Do you remember Mosesâs terse description of the worldâs first sin? She took of its fruit and ate , and she also gave some to her husband who was with her, and he ate . (Genesis 3:6) Murder did not bar Adam and Eve from paradise â nor did adultery, theft, lying, or blasphemy. Eating  did. Our first parents ate their way out of Eden. And in our own way, so do we. Garden of Eating Food problems, whether large (buffet binging) or small (hidden, uncontrolled snacking), go back to the beginning. Our own moments before the refrigerator or the cupboard can, in some small measure, reenact that moment by the tree. And apart from well-timed grace from God, we often respond in one of two ungodly ways. âOur first parents ate their way out of Eden. And in our own way, so do we.â Some, like Adam and Eve, choose to indulge . They sense, on some level, that to eat is to quiet the voice of conscience and weaken the walls of self-control (Proverbs 25:28). They would recognize, if they stopped to ponder and pray, that this âeating is not from faithâ (Romans 14:23). But they neither stop, nor ponder, nor pray. Instead, they tip their glass for another drink, snatch and swallow the chocolate, grab a few more slices. Wisdomâs protest avails little against the suggestion of âjust one more.â âSince Eden,â Derek Kidner writes, âman has wanted the last ounce out of life, as though beyond Godâs âenoughâ lay ecstasy, not nauseaâ ( Proverbs , 152). And so, the indulgent drink and grab and sip and snack, forgetting that their grasping leads them, not deeper into Edenâs heart, but farther outside Edenâs walls, where, nauseous and bloated, they bow to the god called âbellyâ (Philippians 3:19; see also Romans 16:18). Meanwhile, others choose to deny . Their motto is not âEat, drink, be merryâ (Luke 12:19), but âDo not handle, do not taste, do not touchâ (Colossians 2:21). They frantically count calories, buy scales, and build their lives on the first floor of the food pyramid. Though they may not impose their diets on others, at least for themselves they ârequire abstinence from foods that God created to be received with thanksgivingâ (1 Timothy 4:3) â as if one should see Edenâs lawful fruit and say, âIâm good with grass.â If our God-given appetites are a stallion, some let the horse run unbridled, while others prefer to shut him up in a stable. Still others, of course, alternate (sometimes wildly) between the two. In Christ, however, God teaches us to ride. Appetite Redeemed Paulâs familiar command to âbe imitators of me, as I am of Christâ (1 Corinthians 11:1) comes, surprisingly enough, in the context of food  (see 1 Corinthians 8â10, especially 8:7â13 and 10:14â33). And the Gospels tell us why: in Jesus, we find appetite redeemed. âThe Son of Man came eating and drinking,â Jesus says of himself (Matthew 11:19) â and he wasnât exaggerating. Have you ever noticed just how often the Gospels mention food? Jesusâs first miracle multiplied wine (John 2:1â11); two of his most famous multiplied bread (Matthew 14:13â21; 15:32â39). He regularly dined as a guest at othersâ homes, whether with tax collectors or Pharisees (Mark 2:13â17; Luke 14:1). He told parables about seeds and leaven, feasts and fattened calves (Matthew 13:1â9, 33; Luke 14:7â11; 15:11â32). When he met his disciples after his resurrection, he asked, âHave you anything here to eat?â (Luke 24:41) â another time, he took the initiative and cooked them breakfast himself (John 21:12). No wonder he thought it good for us to remember him over a meal (Matthew 26:26â29). And yet, for all of his freedom with food, he was no glutton or drunkard. Jesus could feast, but he could also fast â even for forty days and forty nights when necessary (Matthew 4:2). At meals, you never get the sense that he was preoccupied with his plate; rather, God and neighbor were his constant concern (Mark 2:13â17; Luke 7:36â50). And so, when the tempter found him in his weakness, and suggested he make bread to break his fast, our second Adam gave a resolute no  (Matthew 4:3â4). Here is a man who knows how to ride a stallion. While some indulged, and others denied, our Lord Jesus directed  his appetite. Meeting Edenâs Maker If we are going to imitate Jesus in his eating, we will need more than the right food rules. Adam and Eve did not fall, youâll remember, for lack of a diet. No, we imitate Jesusâs eating only as we enjoy the kind of communion he had with the Father. This touches the root of the failure at the tree, doesnât it? Before Eve reached for the fruit, she let the serpent cast a shadow over her Fatherâs face. She let him convince her that the God of paradise, as Sinclair Ferguson writes, âwas possessed of a narrow and restrictive spirit bordering on the malignâ ( The Whole Christ , 80). The god of the serpentâs beguiling was a misanthrope deity, one who kept his best fruit on forbidden trees. And so, Eve reached. But through Jesus Christ, we meet God again: the real Maker of Eden, and the only one who can break and tame our appetites. Here is the God who made all the earthâs food; who planted trees on a hundred hills and said, âEat!â (Genesis 2:16); who feeds his people from âthe abundance of [his] house,â and gives âthem drink of the river of [his] delightsâ (Psalm 36:8); who does not withhold anything good from his own (Psalm 84:11); and who, in the fullness of time, withheld not even the greatest of all goods: his beloved Son (Romans 8:32). âWe eat, drink, and abstain to the glory of God only when we, like Jesus, taste God himself as our choicest food.â Unlike Adam and Eve, Jesus ate (and abstained) in the presence of this unfathomably good God. And so, when he ate, he gave thanks to the Giver (Matthew 14:19; 1 Corinthians 11:24). When he ran up against his Fatherâs âYou shall not eat,â he did not silence conscience or discard self-control, but feasted on something better than bread alone (Matthew 4:4). âMy food,â he told his disciples, âis to do the will of him who sent me and to accomplish his workâ (John 4:34). He knew there was a time to eat and a time to abstain, and that both times were governed by the goodness of God. We eat, drink, and abstain to the glory of God only when we, like Jesus, taste God himself as our choicest food (1 Corinthians 10:31; Psalm 34:8). Direct Your Appetite Admittedly, the line between just enough  and too much  is a blurry one, and even the most mature can fail to notice that border until theyâve eaten beyond it. Even still, between the overflowing plate of indulgence and the empty plate of denial is a third plate, one we increasingly discern and choose as the Spirit refines our heartâs palate. Here, we neither indulge nor deny our appetites, but like our Lord Jesus, we direct  them. So then, there you are, ready to grab another portion, take another drink, down another handful, though your best spiritual wisdom dictates otherwise. You are ready, in other words, to reach past Godâs âenoughâ once again. What restores your sanity in that moment? Not repeating the rules with greater fervor, but following the rules back to the mouth of an infinitely good God. When you sense that you have reached Godâs âenoughâ â perhaps through briefly stopping, pondering, praying â you have reached the wall keeping you from leaving the Eden of communion with Christ, that Food better than all food (John 4:34). And so, you walk away, perhaps humming a hymn to the God who is good: Thou art giving and forgiving, Ever blessing, ever blest, Wellspring of the joy of living, Ocean depth of happy rest! This is the Maker of Eden, the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. And if the real God is this  good, then we need not grasp for what he has not given.