Augustine of Hippo
Born in 354 CE in the North African city of Tagaste to a Christian mother and pagan father, Augustine began his career as a pagan teacher of rhetoric in, among other places, Carthage. In search of better students, Augustine traveled to Rome in 383, assuming considerable personal risk in doing so, but was disappointed to discover his newfound students lacking the virtue he thought the necessary prerequisite for a proper education. Failing to acquire satisfactory students, Augustine moved once again, this time to Milan where he accepted a position as a professor of rhetoric.
It was in Milan that Augustine adopted the study of Neoplatonism in earnest, though he had shown a fondness for classical philosophy, particularly the works of Virgil and Cicero, from an early age. In Neoplatonism the still-young Augustine thought, with great confidence and enthusiasm, that he had found an academic school capable of uniting the teachings of Christianity with those of Greek and Roman philosophy. Shortly thereafter Augustine converted to Christianity and, returning to North Africa, accepted the position of bishop in Hippo in 396, one that he would retain for the remainder of his life. It was arguably his encounter with Neoplatonism that caused Augustine to recognize the teachings of the Church as a source of intellectual insight not unlike that of classical philosophy. An autobiographical account of his religious conversion is the subject of Augustineâs Confessions, which numbers among the most famous and influential of his works.
Upon rising to the position of bishop, Augustine increasingly immersed himself in the daily routine of monastic life and became entangled with internal Scholastic controversies facing the Church, particularly those involving the Donatists and Pelagians. Because of his considerable intellect and rhetorical skill, Augustine grew to be a particularly skillful and persuasive defender of Christianity against critics from multiple directions. At the same time, Augustine appears to have grown increasingly skeptical of his youthful opinion that Christianity and classical philosophy might be readily reconciled by way of Neoplatonism. Though Augustineâs work De Civitate Dei (The City of God) contains considerable praise for Platonic philosophy and its intellectual inheritors, more apparent within the work are the major differences between the Platonic tradition and many of the teachings of the Church, with Augustine, not surprisingly, lending his own support to the latter. In his personal life, Augustine is described as living a life of tireless work and rigorous denial of earthly pleasures.
Augustine devoted his final days to prayer and repentance as he battled illness and watched his home, Hippo, besieged by Germanic invaders. Shortly after his death in 430 the city was burnt to the ground by its attackers, who, nonetheless, left Augustineâs library unharmed. He was subsequently canonized and was named a Doctor of the Church in 1298. He continues to serve as the patron saint of printers, brewers, and theologians.
my times are in your hand - learning to trust the speed of god
Did you know your head ages faster than your feet? Scientists have confirmed this, proving again that Albert Einstein was spot-on in his theories of relativity: the speed of time is relative to a particular frame of reference. For us terrestrials, that frame of reference is earthâs gravitational force. The higher up from the earth something is, the weaker the gravitational pull and the faster time moves. An implication of this is that we frequently put our trust in a frame of reference on time different from the one we experience. For instance, the Global Positioning System (GPS) we rely on to accurately and safely guide us as we pilot our cars, ships, planes, and spaceships only works because itâs programmed, based on Einsteinâs theories of relativity, to compensate for the distance between earth and space. Without those formulas, our computers and smartphones would soon get disastrously out of sync with the GPS satellites, which orbit in a different time. Stick with me; I am going somewhere with this. How we experience time depends on our frame of reference. And our particular frame of reference is not always the one we should trust. In fact, sometimes itâs critically important that we trust another framing more than our own. One Day with the Lord For Christians, this concept is nothing new. Over three millennia ago, Moses wrote, A thousand years in your sight are but as yesterday when it is past, or as a watch in the night. (Psalm 90:4) And some two millennia ago, Peter wrote, Do not overlook this one fact, beloved, that with the Lord one day is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day. (2 Peter 3:8) In other words, time in Godâs eyes moves at different speeds from time in our ours. And in the life of faith, itâs critically important that we learn to rely on Godâs timing more than our own â to learn to trust the speed of God. How Long, O Lord? Learning to trust Godâs timing is not easy, to say the least. This is partly due to our sin and unbelief. But itâs also because trusting a frame of reference different from ours is, by definition, counterintuitive. Since we canât calculate Godâs time, his timing often doesnât make sense to us. Thatâs why after Peter described one God-day as being like a thousand years for us, he went on to say, âThe Lord is not slow . . . as some count slownessâ (2 Peter 3:9). The âsomeâ he referred to were âscoffersâ who mocked Christiansâ hope in the return of Christ (2 Peter 3:3â4). But the truth is that all of us fit into the âsomeâ category at times. I donât mean as scoffers, but as children of God painfully perplexed by our heavenly Fatherâs apparent slowness. We cry out, âHow long, O Lord?â (Psalm 13:1), wondering when he will finally fulfill some promise to which weâre clinging. So, Peter exhorts us, the âbelovedâ of God, not to âoverlookâ the fact that God-time is not man-time; therefore, God âis not slowâ as man counts slowness (2 Peter 3:8â9) â as I  sometimes count slowness. Indeed, he is not. God Is Not Slow Someone who has created such a thing as light speed, and who knows whatâs happening in every part of a universe spanning some 93 billion light-years across, is clearly not slow. âItâs critically important that we learn to rely on Godâs timing more than our own.â Itâs also clear, however, that such a being as God operates on a very different timeline than we do â if timeline  is even the right word. For God is not constrained by time. He is the Father of time (Genesis 1:1; Colossians 1:16). He is âthe Ancient of Daysâ (Daniel 7:9), existing âfrom everlasting to everlastingâ (Psalm 90:2). God is not in time ; time is in God  (Acts 17:28; Colossians 1:17). The âthousand yearsâ of Psalm 90:4 and 2 Peter 3:8 is just a metaphor, using a timeframe we can somewhat comprehend to communicate a reality we canât. So, when the speed of God seems slow to us, or when his timing doesnât make sense, we must ânot overlook this one factâ: God-time is different from man-time. God-time is relative to his purposes, which is his frame of reference. And God, according to his wise purposes, makes everything beautiful in its time â the time he purposefully chooses for it. Time for Everything Everything beautiful in its time . I get that from Ecclesiastes 3:11: [God] has made everything beautiful in its time. Also, he has put eternity into manâs heart, yet so that he cannot find out what God has done from the beginning to the end. This verse captures like no other both the mysterious nature of our experience of time, and the pointers God has placed within our frame of reference to help us trust the wisdom of his timing. In designing us with eternity in our hearts, the âeternal Godâ made us to know him (Deuteronomy 33:27). But in limiting the scope of our perspective and comprehension, he also made us to fundamentally trust him and not ourselves (Proverbs 3:5â6). This is how he means for us to know him: I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me, declaring the end from the beginning and from ancient times things not yet done, saying, âMy counsel shall stand, and I will accomplish all my purpose.â (Isaiah 46:9â10) He is âthe everlasting Godâ (Isaiah 40:28), âwho works all things,â including all time everywhere, âaccording to the counsel of his willâ (Ephesians 1:11). One clear way he reveals the wisdom of his purposes is how he has created, in our frame of reference, âa time for every matter under heavenâ (Ecclesiastes 3:1): a time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted; a time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up; a time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance. (Ecclesiastes 3:2â4) God âmade everything beautiful in its time.â The Hebrew word translated âbeautifulâ means appropriate , fitting , right . Godâs âinvisible attributesâ can be âclearly perceivedâ in the created order we observe and experience (Romans 1:20). They reveal the wisdom of his purposes â a wisdom far beyond ours. And God intends them to teach us that his âbeautifulâ timing can be trusted, even when we donât understand it. In the Fullness of Time God did not merely leave us to deduce his character and wisdom from nature. For âwhen the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Sonâ (Galatians 4:4). In Jesus, the Creator of all stepped into terrestrial time, into our frame of reference (John 1:2). In fully human form, he âdwelt among us,â directly revealing the divine attributes with a âglory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truthâ (John 1:14). âTime in Godâs eyes moves at different speeds than time in our ours.â While here, he performed many signs and wonders and proclaimed, âThe time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospelâ (Mark 1:14â15). As he did so, he displayed the marvelous wisdom of the timing of God, often in ways that surprised and confused his followers (John 4:1â42; 11:1â44). Then, when his time had come (John 12:23), Jesus obeyed his Father to the point of death on a cross, âoffer[ing] for all time a single sacrifice for sins.â And then he was raised from the dead and âsat down at the right hand of God, waiting from that time until his enemies should be made a footstool for his feetâ (Hebrews 10:12â14). As his followers, we also wait. We wait for the Father to âsend the Christ appointed for [us], Jesus, whom heaven must receive until the time for restoring all the things about which God spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets long agoâ (Acts 3:20â21). Trust the Speed of God As we wait, two thousand years later (or two God-days), we help each other remember, The Lord is not slow to fulfill his promise as some count slowness, but is patient toward [us], not wishing that any should perish, but that all should reach repentance. (2 Peter 3:9) Yes, we must frequently help each other remember: God-time moves at different speeds than ours. God works all things, at all times, in all places, in all dimensions, after the counsel of his will to accomplish all his purpose. God has a purposeful time for everything, and he makes everything beautiful in its time. However God chooses to use our times, itâs critically important that we learn to trust his timing over the relative and unreliable earthbound perspective that shapes our expectations. Our times, like all times, are in Godâs hand (Psalm 31:15). This is what it means to live by faith in relation to time. In choosing to trust the speed of God, we humble ourselves under his mighty, time-holding hand. According to 1 Peter 5:6â7, the amazing reward of choosing to embrace such joyful, peaceful, childlike trust in God is that he will exalt us at the proper time.